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Isimo Sokuthuthukiswa Kwasekhaya Sezinsalela Ze-Antibiotic Bacteria

Imfucumfucu eqinile eyenziwe ngesikhathi sokukhiqizwa kwama-antibiotic yizinsalela zebhaktheriya, futhi izingxenye zayo eziyinhloko yi-mycelium yama-bacterium akhiqiza ama-antibiotic, isiko elingasetshenziswanga, ama-metabolites akhiqizwa ngesikhathi senqubo yokuvutshelwa, imikhiqizo yokwehliswa kwesiko lesiko, kanye nenani elincane ama-antibiotic, njll. Ensaleni yama-bacterium wokuvutshelwa kwemfucuza emfucumfucu, ngenxa yensalela yamasiko kanye nenani elincane lama-antibiotic nemikhiqizo yawo yokucekelwa phansi, angalimaza imvelo. Kubhekwe ngumphakathi wamazwe omhlaba njengenye yezingozi zomphakathi ezinkulu ekukhiqizeni ama-antibiotic. Lokhu kubuye kube ngumhlaba Izizathu zokuyekiswa kwezinto ezisetshenziswayo zokulwa namagciwane kwamanye amazwe athuthukile. Ngenxa yokuqukethwe okuphezulu kwezinto eziphilayo kwizinsalela zamagciwane, kungadala ukuvutshelwa kwesibili, kufiphaze umbala, kukhiqize iphunga elibi, futhi kuthinte kakhulu imvelo. Ngakho-ke, isikhathi eside, abantu bebelokhu befuna ngenkuthalo indlela yokulawula ukungcoliswa komthamo, esebenza kahle futhi enkulu.

izwe lami lingumkhiqizi omkhulu futhi othumela izinto kwamanye amazwe ngama-API. Ngo-2015, ukukhishwa kwama-antibiotic APIs kwafinyelela ngaphezu kwamathani ayi-140,000, kanye namathani angaphezu kwesigidi esingu-1 wezinsalela zebhaktheriya zezokwelapha ezizocutshungulwa unyaka nonyaka. Ungayiphatha kanjani kahle futhi uyisebenzise ngokuphelele insalela ye-biomedical inendawo enkulu yemakethe. Umkhiqizo ngemuva kokwelashwa kokuvikelwa kwemvelo kwezinsalela zamagciwane ungasetshenziswa njengesilungisi somhlabathi ekukhiqizweni kwempahla eluhlaza, engathuthukisa ngaphezu kuka-5 million mu mu womhlabathi wezolimo ongawolinywa usawoti-alkali, uthuthukise ukwakheka kwenhlabathi, futhi wandise umsoco wezitshalo . Ubuchwepheshe obudidiyelwe bokwelashwa okungenabungozi kwe-biomedicine bungandisa ukusetshenziswa okuphelele kwemithombo yezinsalela zemvelo, enezinzuzo ezingokoqobo kwezomnotho kanye nezinzuzo zesikhathi eside zenhlalo nezemvelo.

Izici ze-slag yama-antibiotic

Okuqukethwe umswakama wezinsalela zebhaktheriya elwa namagciwane ngu-79% ~ 92%, okuqukethwe amaprotheni ongahluziwe kusisekelo esomile sezinsalela zebhaktheriya elwa namagciwane ngu-30% ~ 40%, okuqukethwe okunamafutha ongahluziwe kungu-10% ~ 20%, futhi kukhona okunye okuphakathi komzimba imikhiqizo. Ama-solvents we-Organic, i-calcium, i-magnesium, izakhi zokulandela ngomkhondo kanye nenani elincane lama-antibiotic asalayo.

Ama-antibiotic ahlukahlukene anezinhlobo nezinqubo ezahlukahlukene, futhi ukwakheka kwezinsalela zebhaktheriya nakho kuyehluka. Ngisho nama-antibiotic afanayo, ngenxa yezinqubo ezahlukahlukene, anezithako ezahlukahlukene.

Izitayela zemboni yokucubungula yasekhaya neyangaphandle

Kusukela ngeminyaka yama-1950, izinsalela zama-antibiotic zisetshenzisiwe njengezithasiselo zokondla ukwenza okuphakelayo kwamaprotheni aphezulu. izwe lami libuye lazibophezela ekucwaningeni kule ndawo kusukela ngo-1980. Ucwaningo luthole ukuthi ukwengeza i-antibiotic mycelium ukondla kunemiphumela emibili emihle. Ngakolunye uhlangothi, ingakhuthaza ukukhula kwezinkukhu futhi yenyuse umkhiqizo, futhi ngoba izingxenye zayo ezisasele zemithi zingavimbela izifo ezithile, ukwengeza inani elifanele kungasiza ekunciphiseni izindleko zokusetshenziswa kokudla kanye nezinga lokufa kwezinkukhu. Kepha ngakolunye uhlangothi, inani elincane lama-antibiotic asele kuzinsalela ze-mycelium kanye nemikhiqizo yokwehla kwamagciwane e-antibiotic izothuthukiswa ezilwaneni, futhi abantu bazonothiswa kubantu ngemuva kokudla, ukuze umzimba womuntu uzokwazi ukumelana nemithi. Ngesikhathi sokuqala kwesifo, inani elikhulu le-The dosage lingasinciphisa lesi simo futhi libeke engcupheni impilo yomuntu. Ngasikhathi sinye, izinsalela eziningi ze-mycelial zomiswa yilanga, okungcolisa kakhulu imvelo ezungezile. Ngo-2002, uMnyango Wezolimo, uMnyango Wezempilo kanye noMnyango Wezokuphathwa Kwezidakamizwa wakhipha isimemezelo esithi “Ikhathalogu Yezidakamizwa Ezinqatshelwe Ukusetshenziswa Kumanzi Okuphakelayo Nokuphuza Izilwane”, kufaka phakathi ama-antibiotic. Ngokuya ngezidingo ze- “Pharmaceutical Industry Pollution Prevention and Control Technology Policy” ekhishwe nguMnyango Wezokuvikelwa Kwezemvelo ngoMashi 2012, inqwaba yemfucumfucu ye-mycelial izothathwa njengemfucumfucu enobungozi futhi kufanele ishiswe ngomlilo noma igcwaliswe ngokuphepha. Kunobunzima obuthile ezindlekweni zobuchwepheshe nezomnotho zebhizinisi. Ngaphansi kwezimo ezikhona, izindleko zokucubungula zingadlula izindleko zokukhiqiza.

Imboni eyenza imithi ezweni lami ithuthuka ngokushesha. Kukhiqizwa izigidi zamathani emfucumfucu yebhaktheriya elwa namagciwane minyaka yonke, kodwa ayikho indlela yokwelashwa ephephile nephumelelayo. Ngakho-ke, kuyaphuthuma ukuthola indlela yokwelashwa esebenza kahle, enobungozi emvelweni, nevolumu enkulu.